Yttrium — Y
Das chemische Element Yttrium ist ein Element vom Typ Übergangsmetall mit dem Symbol Y. Es hat eine Atommasse von 88.90584 u und die Elektronenkonfiguration [Kr] 4d1 5s2.
Synthétique
Radioactif
Liquide
Gaz
1523°
3337°
3337°
88.90584
39
1
2
3
2
3
Y
2
8
18
9
2
8
18
9
2
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
1.22
6.2173
Diagramm der Elektronenkonfiguration
Eigenschaften
- Ordnungszahl
- 39
- Atommasse
- 88.90584
- Symbol
- Y
- Schmelzpunkt
- 1523
- Siedepunkt
- 3337
- Dichte
- 4.469
- Periode
- 5
- Gruppe
- 3
- Entdeckung
- 1794 Gadolin
- Häufigkeit
- 33
- Radius
- 2.3
- Elektronegativität
- 1.22
- Ionisierung
- 6.2173
- Isotop
- 21
- Elektronenkonfiguration
- [Kr] 4d1 5s2
- Oxidationsstufe
- 1,2,3
- Elektron
- 2,8,18,9,2
Yttrium ist das chemische Element mit der Ordnungszahl 39 und dem Symbol Y. Es ist ein weiches, silbriges Metall mit einer relativ geringen Dichte und einem sehr hohen Energiegehalt. Es ist sehr reaktiv und kann mit vielen Elementen leicht Verbindungen eingehen.
Die wichtigsten chemischen Eigenschaften von yttrium sind seine geringe Löslichkeit und seine Fähigkeit, Seltenerdoxide zu bilden, was es für die Herstellung vieler Legierungen, einschließlich der Superlegierung Inconel, nützlich macht. Es wird auch zur Herstellung von Infrarotlichtgläsern und zur Herstellung von Schmiermitteln verwendet.
yttrium wird auch als Katalysator für verschiedene chemische Reaktionen verwendet, darunter die Decarboxylierung von Aminosäuren und die Hydrierung von aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen. Es wird auch zur Herstellung von Lasern, auf Strahlung reagierenden Kristallen und mechanischen Prozessen verwendet.
Schließlich ist yttrium ein wesentlicher Bestandteil vieler Superkondensatoren, die zur Speicherung elektrischer Energie bei sehr niedrigen Temperaturen verwendet werden. Es gibt auch medizinische Anwendungen für dieses Element, einschließlich Krebsbehandlung und Infektionsprävention.
Mineralien mit Yttrium
| Vorname | Härte | Dichte | Chemische Formel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adamsite-(Y) | — | 0.00 | NaY(CO3)2·6H2O |
| Aeschynite-(Y) | — | 4.85 | (Y,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 |
| Agakhanovite-(Y) | — | 2.67 | YCa2KBe3Si12O30 |
| Agardite-(Ce) | — | 3.72 | Cu2+6Ce(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O |
| Agardite-(Nd) | — | 3.72 | Cu2+6Nd(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O |
| Agardite-(Y) | — | 3.66 | Cu2+6Y(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O |
| Allanit | — | 3.30 | CaCeAl2Fe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Allanite-(La) | — | 3.93 | CaLaAl2Fe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Allanite-(Y) | — | 3.30 | CaYAl2Fe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Allendeite | — | 4.84 | Sc4Zr3O12 |
| Almeidaite | — | 0.00 | PbZn2(Mn,Y)(Ti,Fe3+)18O36(OH,O)2 |
| Aluminocerite-(Ce) | — | 4.68 | (Ce,Ca)9Al(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3 |
| Alwilkinsite-(Y) | — | 3.37 | Y(UO2)3(SO4)2O(OH)3(H2O)7·7H2O |
| Ashcroftine-(Y) | — | 2.61 | K5Na5Y12Si28O70(OH)2(CO3)8·8H2O |
| Atelisite-(Y) | — | 4.26 | Y4Si3O8(OH)8 |
| Barrydawsonite-(Y) | — | 0.00 | Na1.5Y0.5CaSi3O9H |
| Bastnäsite-(Y) | — | 4.90 | YCO3F |
| Batievaite-(Y) | — | 3.45 | Y2Ca2Ti(Si2O7)2(OH)2·4H2O |
| Bijvoetite-(Y) | — | 3.90 | Y8(UO2)16O8(CO3)16(OH)8·39H2O |
| Bobtraillite | — | 3.16 | (Na,Ca)13Sr11(Zr,Y,Nb)14Si42B6O132(OH)12·12H2O |
| Britholite-(Y) | — | 4.25 | (Y,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH |
| Bussyite-(Ce) | — | 3.00 | (Na,H2O)6(Ce,REE)3Be5MnSi9(O,OH)30F4 |
| Bussyite-(Y) | — | 0.00 | (Y,REE,Ca)3(Na,Ca)6MnSi9Be5(O,F,OH)34 |
| Byzantievite | — | 4.25 | Ba5(Ca,REE,Y)22(Ti,Nb)18(SiO4)4(PO4,SiO4)4(BO3)9O22[(OH),F]43·1.5H2O |
| Calciopetersite | — | 3.33 | Cu2+6Ca(PO4)2(PO3OH)(OH)6·3H2O |
| Calciosamarskite | — | 4.48 | (Ca,Fe,Y)(Nb,Ta,Ti)O4 |
| Calcybeborosilite-(Y) | — | 3.00 | (Y,REE,Ca)2(B,Be)2(SiO4)2(OH,O)2 |
| Cappelenite-(Y) | — | 4.40 | BaY6B6Si3O24F2 |
| Carbokentbrooksite | — | 3.14 | (Na)12(Na,Ce)3Ca6Mn3Zr3NbSi25O73(OH)3(CO3)·H2O |
| Cayalsite-(Y) | — | 0.00 | CaY6Al2Si4O18F6 |
| Caysichite-(Y) | — | 3.03 | (Ca,Yb,Er)4Y4Si8O20(CO3)6(OH)·7H2O |
| Ceriopyrochlore-(Ce) | — | 4.13 | (Ca,Ce,Y,Na)2Nb2(O,OH,F)7 |
| Cervandonite-(Ce) | — | 0.00 | (Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+,Ti,Fe2+,Al)3O2(Si2O7)1-x+y(AsO3)1+x-y(OH)3x-3y, x=0.5, y=0.3 |
| Chernovite-(Y) | — | 4.87 | YAsO4 |
| Chiappinoite-(Y) | — | 3.07 | Y2Mn(Si3O7)4 |
| Chinleite-(Y) | — | 3.39 | NaY(SO4)2·H2O |
| Chukhrovite-(Ce) | — | 0.00 | Ca3CeAl2(SO4)F13·10H2O |
| Chukhrovite-(Nd) | — | 2.42 | Ca3NdAl2SO4F13·12H2O |
| Chukhrovite-(Y) | — | 2.27 | Ca3YAl2(SO4)F13·10H2O |
| Churchite-(Y) | — | 3.27 | YPO4·2H2O |
| Crichtonite | — | 4.46 | Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 |
| Davidite-(Ce) | — | 4.42 | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| Davidite-(La) | — | 4.42 | La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| Davidite-(Y) | — | 0.00 | (Y,U)(Ti,Fe3+)21O38 |
| Davisite | — | 0.00 | CaScAlSiO6 |
| Decrespignyite-(Y) | — | 3.64 | Y4Cu(CO3)4Cl(OH)5·2H2O |
| Dessauite-(Y) | — | 4.68 | Sr(Y,U,Mn)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 |
| Donnayite-(Y) | — | 3.30 | NaSr3CaY(CO3)6·3H2O |
| Dusmatovite | — | 2.96 | KK2Mn2(Zn2LiSi12)O30 |
| Eudialyte | — | 2.80 | Na15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2 |
| Euxenite-(Y) | — | 4.70 | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ewaldite | — | 3.25 | Ba(Na,Ca,Y,Ce,K)(CO3)2·2.6H2O |
| Fergusonite-(Ce) | — | 5.48 | CeNbO4·0.3H2O |
| Fergusonite-(Y) | — | 4.30 | YNbO4 |
| Fergusonite-(Y)- | — | 0.00 | YNbO4 |
| Ferrokentbrooksite | — | 3.06 | Na15Ca6Fe2+3Zr3Nb(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(F,Cl)2 |
| Fersmite | — | 4.69 | (Ca,Ce,Na)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2(O,OH,F)6 |
| Fluorbritholite-(Ce) | — | 4.66 | (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3F |
| Fluorbritholite-(Y) | — | 4.61 | (Y,Ca)5(SiO4)3F |
| Fluorcalciobritholite | — | 4.20 | (Ca,REE)5(SiO4,PO4)3F |
| Fluorthalénite-(Y) | — | 4.24 | Y3Si3O10F |
| Fogoite-(Y) | — | 3.52 | Na3Ca2Y2Ti(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| Formanite-(Y) | — | 7.03 | YTaO4 |
| Françoisite-(Nd) | — | 4.06 | Nd(UO2)3(PO4)2O(OH)·6H2O |
| Gadolinite-(Ce) | — | 4.20 | Fe2+Be2Ce2(SiO4)2O2 |
| Gadolinite-(Y) | — | 4.00 | Fe2+Be2Y2(SiO4)2O2 |
| Gagarinite-(Y) | — | 4.21 | NaCaYF6 |
| Georgbarsanovite | — | 3.05 | Na12(Mn,Sr,REE)3Ca6Fe2+3Zr3NbSi25O76Cl2·H2O |
| Gerenite-(Y) | — | 3.30 | (Ca,Na)2Y3Si6O18·2H2O |
| Goudeyite | — | 3.50 | Cu2+6Al(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O |
| Gramaccioliite-(Y) | — | 4.66 | (Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38 |
| Grenmarite | — | 3.49 | Na4MnZr3(Si2O7)2O2F2 |
| Hainite | — | 3.15 | Na2Ca4(Y,REE)Ti(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| Hellandite-(Y) | — | 3.70 | (Ca,REE)4Y2Al(Be,Li)2-xB4Si4O22(OH)2 |
| Hingganite-(Ce) | — | 4.28 | BeCe(SiO4)(OH) |
| Hingganite-(Y) | — | 0.00 | BeY(SiO4)(OH) |
| Hingganite-(Yb) | — | 4.83 | BeYb(SiO4)(OH) |
| Hiortdahlite | — | 3.27 | (Na,Ca)2Ca4Zr(Mn,Ti,Fe)(Si2O7)2(F,O)4 |
| Hizenite-(Y) | — | 2.98 | Ca2Y6(CO3)11·14H2O |
| Horváthite-(Y) | — | 3.58 | NaY(CO3)F2 |
| Hundholmenite-(Y) | — | 5.21 | (Y,REE,Ca,Na)15(Al,Fe3+)Cax(As3+)1-x(Si,As5+)Si6B3(O,F)48 |
| Hyalotekite | — | 3.81 | (Ba,Pb,K)4(Ca,Y)2(B,Be)2(Si,B)2Si8O28F |
| Iimoriite-(Y) | — | 4.47 | Y2(SiO4)(CO3) |
| Ishikawaite | — | 6.20 | (U,Fe,Y)NbO4 |
| Iwashiroite-(Y) | — | 7.10 | YTaO4 |
| Johnsenite-(Ce) | — | 3.20 | Na12Ce3Ca6Mn3Zr3WSi25O73(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Kainosite-(Y) | — | 3.40 | Ca2Y2(SiO3)4(CO3)·H2O |
| Kamotoite-(Y) | — | 3.93 | Y2O4(UO2)4(CO3)3·14H2O |
| Kamphaugite-(Y) | — | 3.19 | Ca2Y2(CO3)4(OH)2·3H2O |
| Kapitsaite-(Y) | — | 3.74 | Ba4Y2Si8B4O28F |
| Kapustinite | — | 2.78 | Na6ZrSi6O16(OH)2 |
| Keiviite-(Y) | — | 4.45 | Y2Si2O7 |
| Keiviite-(Yb) | — | 5.95 | Yb2Si2O7 |
| Kimuraite-(Y) | — | 2.60 | CaY2(CO3)4·6H2O |
| Kobeite-(Y) | — | 4.60 | (Y,U)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 |
| Kochite | — | 3.32 | Na(Na,Ca)2Ca2(Mn,Ca)ZrTi(Si2O7)2(F,O)4 |
| Kozoite-(La) | — | 4.16 | LaCO3(OH) |
| Kuliokite-(Y) | — | 4.30 | Y4Al(SiO4)2(OH)2F5 |
| Lakargiite | — | 4.59 | CaZrO3 |
| Landauite | — | 4.42 | (Na,Pb)(Mn2+,Y)(Zn,Fe)2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb)18(O,OH,F)O38 |
| Laptevite-(Ce) | — | 4.66 | NaFe2+(REE7Ca5Y3)(SiO4)4(Si3B2PO18)(BO3)F11 |
| Lecoqite-(Y) | — | 2.36 | Na3Y(CO3)3·6H2O |
| Lepersonnite-(Gd) | — | 3.97 | CaGd2(UO2)24(CO3)8Si4O28·60H2O |
| Levinsonite-(Y) | — | 2.18 | YAl(SO4)2(C2O4)·12H2O |
| Lokkaite-(Y) | — | 2.92 | CaY4(CO3)7·9H2O |
| Loranskite-(Y) | — | 4.40 | (Y,Ce,Ca)(Zr,Ta)2O6 |
| Lusernaite-(Y) | — | 2.81 | Y4Al(CO3)2(OH)10F·6H2O |
| Magnesiorowlandite-(Y) | — | 4.82 | Y4(Mg,Fe)(Si2O7)2F2 |
| Mapiquiroite | — | 0.00 | (Sr,Pb)(U,Y)Fe2(Ti,Fe3+,Cr3+)18O38 |
| Mckelveyite-(Y) | — | 3.47 | NaBa3(Ca,U)Y(CO3)6·3H2O |
| Menzerite-(Y) | — | 4.31 | CaY2Mg2Si3O12 |
| Micheelsenite | — | 2.15 | (Ca,Y)3Al(PO3OH)CO3(OH)6·12H2O |
| Mieite-(Y) | — | 4.61 | Y4Ti(SiO4)2O[F,(OH)]6 |
| Minasgeraisite-(Y) | — | 4.25 | CaBe2Y2(SiO4)2O2 |
| Mineevite-(Y) | — | 2.85 | Na25BaY2(CO3)11(HCO3)4(SO4)2F2Cl |
| Miserite | — | 2.84 | KCa6Si8O22(OH) |
| Monteregianite-(Y) | — | 2.42 | KNa2YSi8O19·5H2O |
| Mosandrite | — | 3.29 | (Ca,Ce)4(Ca,Na)3Ti(Si2O7)2(H2O,OH,F)4·H2O |
| Moskvinite-(Y) | — | 2.91 | Na2KYSi6O15 |
| Moydite-(Y) | — | 3.13 | YB(OH)4CO3 |
| Murataite-(Y) | — | 4.00 | (Y,Na)6Zn(Zn,Fe3+)4(Ti,Nb,Na)12O29(O,F,OH)10F4 |
| Natrotitanite | — | 3.83 | (Na0.5Y0.5)Ti(SiO4)O |
| Nioboaeschynite-(Y) | — | 5.34 | (Y,REE,Ca,Th,Fe)(Nb,Ti,Ta)2(O,OH)6 |
| Oftedalite | — | 2.61 | KSc2(Be3AlSi11)O30 |
| Okanoganite-(Y) | — | 4.35 | (Y,REE,Ca,Na,Th)16(Fe3+,Ti)(Si,B,P)10(O,OH)38F10 |
| Paraniite-(Y) | — | 0.00 | (Ca,Y,Dy)2Y(WO4)2AsO4 |
| Paratooite-(La) | — | 0.00 | (La,Ca,Na,Sr)6Cu(CO3)8 |
| Peatite-(Y) | — | 3.62 | LiNa3(Y,Na,Ca,HREE)3(PO4)3(CO3)(F,OH)2 |
| Percleveite-(Ce) | — | 5.21 | Ce2Si2O7 |
| Perettiite-(Y) | — | 4.53 | Y2Mn4FeSi2B8O24 |
| Petersite-(Y) | — | 3.41 | Cu2+6Y(PO4)3(OH)6·3H2O |
| Piergorite-(Ce) | — | 0.00 | Ca8Ce2AlLiSi6B8O36(OH)2 |
| Pilawite-(Y) | — | 4.01 | Ca2Y2Al4(SiO4)4O2(OH)2 |
| Písekite-(Y) | — | 4.03 | (Y,As,Ca,Fe,U)(Nb,Ti,Ta)O4 |
| Plumboagardite | — | 3.74 | Cu2+6(Pb,La,Nd,Ce,Ca)(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O |
| Plumbopyrochlore | — | 5.04 | (Pb,Y,U,Ca)2Nb2(O,OH)7 |
| Polycrase-(Y) | — | 4.97 | Y(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 |
| Proshchenkoite-(Y) | — | 4.72 | (Y,REE,Ca,Na,Mn)15CaFe2+(P,Si)Si6B3O34F14 |
| Pyatenkoite-(Y) | — | 2.68 | Na5YTiSi6O18·6H2O |
| Ramikite-(Y) | — | 3.60 | Li2Na6(Y,Ca,REE)3Zr3(PO4)6(CO3)2O2(OH,F)2 |
| Reederite-(Y) | — | 2.91 | (Na,Mn)15Y2(CO3)9(SO3F)Cl |
| Rhabdophane-(Y) | — | 4.54 | YPO4·H2O |
| Rowlandite-(Y) | — | 4.50 | Fe2+Y4(Si2O7)2F2 |
| Samarskite-(Y) | — | 5.60 | (Y,Ce,U,Fe,Nb)(Nb,Ta,Ti)O4 |
| Samarskite-(Yb) | — | 7.03 | YbNbO4 |
| Saryarkite-(Y) | — | 3.07 | Ca(Y,Th)Al5(SiO4)2(PO4)2(OH)7·6H2O |
| Sazhinite-(La) | — | 0.00 | Na3LaSi6O15·2H2O |
| Sazykinaite-(Y) | — | 2.67 | Na5YZrSi6O18·6H2O |
| Schlüterite-(Y) | — | 4.64 | (Y,REE)2AlSi2O7(OH)2F |
| Schuilingite-(Nd) | — | 5.20 | CuPbNd(CO3)3(OH)·1.5H2O |
| Sejkoraite-(Y) | — | 4.04 | Y2[(UO2)8O6(SO4)4(OH)2]·26H2O |
| Senaite | — | 5.30 | Pb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 |
| Shabaite-(Nd) | — | 3.13 | CaNd2(UO2)(CO3)4(OH)2·6H2O |
| Shomiokite-(Y) | — | 2.52 | Na3Y(CO3)3·3H2O |
| Stornesite-(Y) | — | 3.20 | Na6(Ca5Na3)YMg43(PO4)36 |
| Synchysite-(Y) | — | 3.89 | CaY(CO3)2F |
| Tadzhikite-(Ce) | — | 3.73 | Ca4Ce3+2Ti(B4Si4O22)(OH)2 |
| Tadzhikite-(Y) | — | 3.73 | — |
| Takanawaite-(Y) | — | 6.97 | YTaO4 |
| Tantalaeschynite-(Y) | — | 5.75 | Y(Ta,Ti,Nb)2O6 |
| Tanteuxenite-(Y) | — | 5.40 | Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 |
| Taseqite | — | 3.24 | Na12Sr3Ca6Fe3Zr3NbSi25O73(O,OH,H2O)3Cl2 |
| Tassieite | — | 3.45 | NaCa2Mg3Fe2+2Fe3+(PO4)6·2H2O |
| Tengerite-(Y) | — | 3.12 | Y2(CO3)3·2-3H2O |
| Thalénite-(Y) | — | 4.20 | Y3Si3O10F |
| Thomasclarkite-(Y) | — | 2.30 | NaY(HCO3)(OH)3·4H2O |
| Thortveitite | — | 3.50 | Sc2Si2O7 |
| Tombarthite-(Y) | — | 3.51 | Y4(Si,H4)4O12(OH)4 |
| Tranquillityite | — | 4.70 | Fe2+8Ti3Zr2Si3O24 |
| Trimounsite-(Y) | — | 5.00 | Y2Ti2O5SiO4 |
| Tritomite-(Ce) | — | 4.20 | Ce5(SiO4,BO4)3(OH,O) |
| Tritomite-(Y) | — | 3.05 | Y5(SiO4,BO4)3(O,OH,F) |
| Tveitite-(Y) | — | 3.00 | (Y,Na)6(Ca,Na,REE)12(Ca,Na)F42 |
| Uedaite-(Ce) | — | 4.19 | Mn2+CeAl2Fe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Uranopolycrase | — | 5.50 | (U,Y)(Ti,Nb,Ta)2(O,OH)6 |
| Västmanlandite-(Ce) | — | 4.51 | Ce3CaMg2Al2Si5O19(OH)2F |
| Vyuntspakhkite-(Y) | — | 4.02 | Y(Al,Si)(SiO4)(OH,O)2 |
| Waimirite-(Y) | — | 5.59 | YF3 |
| Wakefieldite-(La) | — | 4.70 | LaVO4 |
| Wakefieldite-(Y) | — | 4.21 | YVO4 |
| Xenotime-(Y) | — | 4.40 | YPO4 |
| Yakovenchukite-(Y) | — | 2.83 | K3NaCaY2Si12O30·4H2O |
| Yttriaite-(Y) | — | 5.07 | Y2O3 |
| Yttrialite-(Y) | — | 4.58 | Y2Si2O7 |
| Yttrobetafite-(Y) | — | 3.65 | (Y,U,Ce)2(Ti,Nb,Ta)2(O,OH)7 |
| Yttrocolumbite-(Y) | — | 5.70 | (Y,U,Fe2+)(Nb,Ta)O4 |
| Yttrocrasite-(Y) | — | 4.80 | (Y,Th,Ca,U)(Ti,Fe)2(O,OH)6 |
| Yttropyrochlore-(Y) | — | 3.60 | (Y,Na,Ca)2Nb2(O,OH)7 |
| Yttrotantalite-(Y) | — | 5.50 | (Y,U,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)4 |
| Yttrotungstite-(Ce) | — | 5.96 | CeW2O6(OH)3 |
| Yttrotungstite-(Y) | — | 5.96 | Y(W,Fe,Si,Al,Ti)2(O,OH,H2O)9 |
| Zálesíite | — | 3.49 | Cu2+6Ca(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)6·3H2O |
| Zirconolite | — | 4.80 | (Ca,Y)Zr(Ti,Mg,Al)2O7 |
| Zirconolite-3O | — | 4.70 | (Ca,Fe,Y,Th)2Fe(Ti,Nb)3Zr2O14 |